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Created: 2024/05/24 02:28
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# Experiment No. 04

# Experiment Name: Static Tension test of mild steel specimen

## Objective

The objective of this experiment is to:

1. Understand the behavior of mild steel under tensile loading.
2. Identify critical points such as yield point, ultimate tensile strength, fracture point.

## Significance

The static tension test is a fundamental mechanical test that provides critical insights into the material properties of mild steel. This knowledge is used in construction, manufacturing, and engineering applications for design and safety, material selection, and quality control.

## Apparatus

1. Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
2. Slide calipers
3. Extensometer

## Data sheet

![](Data%20sheet.pdf)

## Calculation & graph

### Parameters

1. Proportional limit: $505.300\space MPa$
2. Yield stress: $555.641\space MPa$
3. Ultimate stress: $712.944\space MPa$
4. Breaking stress: $354.467\space MPa$

### Modulus of Elasticity

Stress at point A, $\sigma_A = 320.486\space MPa$
Strain at point A, $\epsilon_A = 0.032$
Stress at point B, $\sigma_B = 439.439\space MPa$
Strain at point B $\epsilon_B = 0.039$

Therefore, modulus of elasticity,

$$
E = \frac{Stress}{Strain} = \frac{\sigma_B - \sigma_A}{\epsilon_B - \epsilon_A} = 17\space GPa
$$

### Reduction in area

Diameter before loading, $d_0 = 19.77\space mm$
Diameter after fracture, $d_1 = 15.26\space mm$

Hence,
Area before, $A_0 = \pi (\frac{d_0}{2})^2 = 307\space mm^2$
Area after, $A_1 = \pi (\frac{d_1}{2})^2 = 183\space mm^2$

Therefore, percentage reduction in area,

$$
\frac{A_0 - A}{A_0} \times 100 = 40.39\%
$$

![](Stress-strain%20curve%20-%20indicated.png) Figure 01

## Result

The Modulus of Elasticity of the mild steel specimen was found to be 17 GPa with a reduction of area of 40.39%.

## Discussions