I went through all six papers (2019, Feb 2021, Jul-Aug 2021, 2023, 2024, 2025). Viva-voce sections are excluded because they have no written questions. "Times" counts the number of exams a question appeared in, not total occurrences. Question numbers are included so you can check each one. Where the wording was close, I merged the questions into one row.
I classified dredging, navigation, groynes, spurs, bank protection, and the Bangladesh river systems as River Engineering (A), even though many appeared in the Section B slot. I put dams, weirs, reservoirs, diversion channels, levees, and watershed management under Flood Management (B).
| # | Question / topic | Appeared in | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | River pattern: definition and factors affecting it (slope, discharge, sediment load/size, width-depth ratio, sinuosity), with figures | 2019 (Q1a, Q2a), Feb 2021 (Q1a), Jul 2021 (Q1a), 2023 (Q1a), 2024 (Q1c), 2025 (Q1a, Q1b) | 6 |
| 2 | Sediment load classification and differences (bed load, bed-material load, wash load, suspended load, suspended bed-material load) | 2019 (Q2b), Feb 2021 (Q1c), Jul 2021 (Q2c), 2023 (Q2b), 2024 (Q3a), 2025 (Q1d) | 6 |
| 3 | Complex pier: definition, components/cases, why scour is higher, need for effective diameter | 2019 (Q4b), Jul 2021 (Q6b), 2023 (Q8b), 2024 (Q4c), 2025 (Q4b) | 5 |
| 4 | Groynes: attracting/repelling, permeable/impermeable, slack zone, length/spacing design, application | 2019 (Q6c), Feb 2021 (Q3c), Jul 2021 (Q8c), 2024 (Q1f), 2025 (Q8c-b) | 5 |
| 5 | Numerical: bed erodibility using Shields parameter (erodible?, critical/minimum size, max allowable discharge) | Jul 2021 (Q2d), 2023 (Q2e), 2024 (Q3d), 2025 (Q2e) | 4 |
| 6 | River stability: meandering vs braided, stability parameters/planform ratios, effect of sediment-load type | Jul 2021 (Q2b), 2023 (Q2a), 2024 (Q2a), 2025 (Q2c) | 4 |
| 7 | Flow regime and bedforms: upper vs lower regime, bedform sequence with stream power, roughness change | 2019 (Q1b), 2023 (Q3a, Q3b), 2024 (Q3c), 2025 (Q1e) | 4 |
| 8 | Pier scour factors: pier width, flow depth, sediment size, angle of attack (figures) | 2019 (Q4a), Feb 2021 (Q3a), 2024 (Q1e), 2025 (Q1f) | 4 |
| 9 | Numerical: bed load (Meyer-Peter & Müller for gravel, or dune-migration method) | 2019 (Q3e), Feb 2021 (Q2d), 2024 (Q4e), 2025 (Q8e) | 4 |
| 10 | Dredging: types, processes and phases (hydraulic dredging etc.) | Jul 2021 (Q4c), 2023 (Q8f), 2024 (Q7a-i, Q8b), 2025 (Q8b) | 4 |
| 11 | Dredging: purposes and impacts from different perspectives, morphological/hydraulic response, effect on flood management | 2019 (Q7a), Feb 2021 (Q7c), Jul 2021 (Q7d), 2024 (Q5c) | 4 |
| 12 | Meander formation: two hypotheses/theories | 2019 (Q3a), Jul 2021 (Q2a), 2025 (Q1c) | 3 |
| 13 | Clear-water vs live-bed scour (which is higher and why) | 2019 (Q4e), Jul 2021 (Q6a), 2025 (Q8c-a) | 3 |
| 14 | Contraction scour: definition, why insignificant at a bridge/when ignored | Feb 2021 (Q1b), Jul 2021 (Q3c), 2023 (Q4c) | 3 |
| 15 | Pier scour mechanism: horseshoe/wake vortices, helical current, equilibrium scour depth, critical scour velocity | Feb 2021 (Q2a), 2023 (Q4b), 2025 (Q4a, Q4c) | 3 |
| 16 | Rouse number: definition and role in suspension status/sediment distribution | 2019 (Q3c), Feb 2021 (Q2b), 2024 (Q4a) | 3 |
| 17 | Fall (settling) velocity vs shear velocity | Feb 2021 (Q2b), 2023 (Q3d), 2025 (Q8c-c) | 3 |
| 18 | Numerical: suspended sediment concentration at another height (Rouse profile) | Jul 2021 (Q3d), 2023 (Q3e), 2025 (Q3c) | 3 |
| 19 | Numerical: Lane's balance, expected morphological change when Q, Qs and depth change (retention reservoir, irrigation diversion, landslide) | Feb 2021 (Q3d), Jul 2021 (Q6e), 2024 (Q8d) | 3 |
| 20 | Morphological response downstream of dam/clear-water release, diversion, confluence, off-take, flood | Jul 2021 (Q3b), 2023 (Q4a), 2025 (Q3b) | 3 |
| 21 | Navigation: factors affecting navigability, methods, advantages over other modes | Jul 2021 (Q4b, Q4c), 2023 (Q4d), 2024 (Q4d, Q8a) | 3 |
| 22 | Capital dredging; why dredging for navigation is not sustainable | Jul 2021 (Q4d), 2024 (Q8b), 2025 (Q4c) | 3 |
| 23 | Prove stream power is proportional to V³ and shear stress to V² | 2019 (Q2c), Jul 2021 (Q6c) | 2 |
| 24 | Prove critical shear stress/force to erode coarse sediment depends only on grain size | Feb 2021 (Q3b), 2024 (Q2b) | 2 |
| 25 | Erosion vs suspension/deposition velocity against grain size (Hjulström-type figure) | Feb 2021 (Q2c), 2025 (Q3a) | 2 |
| 26 | Why pier scour is greater than abutment scour | 2019 (Q4c), 2025 (Q4a) | 2 |
| 27 | Bankfull discharge: definition, abrupt width-depth change, bankfull depth numerical | Feb 2021 (Q1d), 2024 (Q1b) | 2 |
| 28 | Slope variation along the longitudinal profile (why slope decreases downstream) | Jul 2021 (Q1b), 2024 (Q1a) | 2 |
| 29 | Grain roughness vs form roughness | Jul 2021 (Q3a), 2025 (Q1e) | 2 |
| 30 | Numerical: width-discharge relationship from table | 2019 (Q1c), Jul 2021 (Q1c) | 2 |
| 31 | Numerical: slope-discharge relationship from table | 2019 (Q2d), 2023 (Q1c) | 2 |
| 32 | Spurs: types/orientation, new bank-line development, spur and bandal | 2019 (Q4d), 2025 (Q4c, Q8a) | 2 |
| 33 | Riprap vs gabion | Jul 2021 (Q4a), 2024 (Q1f) | 2 |
| 34 | Soft/nature-based bank protection (advantages and disadvantages) | Jul 2021 (Q4a), 2023 (Q8d) | 2 |
| 35 | Active vs passive river training structures | Jul 2021 (Q6d), 2023 (Q8a) | 2 |
| 36 | Variation of suspended sediment size/concentration with depth (figure) | 2024 (Q1d), 2025 (Q2d) | 2 |
| 37 | Why suspended load and bed load are interchangeable / no sharp demarcation (figure) | 2023 (Q2c), 2024 (Q3b) | 2 |
| 38 | Numerical: effective/equivalent diameter of a complex pier | 2023 (Q4e), 2025 (Q4d) | 2 |
| 39 | River systems of Bangladesh (Brahmaputra-Jamuna evolution) | 2019 (Q5c), 2024 (Q8c) | 2 |
| 40 | Hydraulic geometry: definition and equations | 2023 (Q1b) | 1 |
| 41 | Competence vs capacity | 2023 (Q2d) | 1 |
| 42 | Dissolved load and why it is not part of sediment load | 2023 (Q2d, Q3d) | 1 |
| 43 | Why wash load never settles (figure) | 2023 (Q3c) | 1 |
| 44 | Open vs closed joint revetment | 2023 (Q8c) | 1 |
| 45 | Morphological consequences of a cut-off (figure) | 2023 (Q8e) | 1 |
| 46 | Numerical: meander length-width relationship | 2024 (Q2d) | 1 |
| 47 | Pool and riffle (figure and cross-sections) | 2024 (Q2c) | 1 |
| 48 | Effect of sphericity on fall velocity (figure) | 2024 (Q3e) | 1 |
| 49 | Complexity in determining suspended sediment load | 2024 (Q4b) | 1 |
| 50 | Flashy river; velocity change as discharge increases downstream | 2025 (Q2b) | 1 |
| 51 | Width-depth ratio vs bank/bed cohesiveness (figure) | 2025 (Q2a) | 1 |
| 52 | Limitations of Lane's relationship | 2025 (Q8d) | 1 |
| 53 | Sacrificial pile | 2025 (Q4c) | 1 |
| 54 | Scour vs degradation | 2025 (Q8c-d) | 1 |
| 55 | Local scour: definition and types | 2019 (Q3d) | 1 |
| 56 | Erosion of cohesive vs non-cohesive bed (Shields diagram) | 2019 (Q3b) | 1 |
| 57 | Numerical: Lacey-Inglis scour depth and its limitations | 2019 (Q4f) | 1 |
| # | Question / topic | Appeared in | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Flood proofing strategy: considerations (incl. coastal areas) | Feb 2021 (Q6b), Jul 2021 (Q5b), 2023 (Q6b), 2024 (Q5a), 2025 (Q6c) | 5 |
| 2 | Factors responsible for floods in Bangladesh (geographic, hydro-meteorological, climate, terrain, siltation, 1998 flood) | 2019 (Q5b), Jul 2021 (Q7a), 2023 (Q5a), 2024 (Q5b), 2025 (Q6a) | 5 |
| 3 | Flood zoning/floodplain: definition, zones, data, approaches, pros and cons, role in risk reduction | 2019 (Q7b), Feb 2021 (Q6c), Jul 2021 (Q7b), 2023 (Q7b), 2024 (Q6d) | 5 |
| 4 | Flood forecasting: definition, role in flood management, features/limitations | 2019 (Q8a), 2023 (Q5c), 2024 (Q7b), 2025 (Q6b) | 4 |
| 5 | Short-term and long-term flood management measures | Feb 2021 (Q5a), 2024 (Q6c), 2025 (Q7b) | 3 |
| 6 | Diversion channel/flood diversion: definition, importance, advantages and disadvantages | Jul 2021 (Q5a), 2023 (Q6c), 2024 (Q5d) | 3 |
| 7 | Urban flooding: definition, impacts, urban vs rural | Feb 2021 (Q7b), 2024 (Q6b), 2025 (Q7a) | 3 |
| 8 | Watershed/land management and why it matters compared with other measures | Feb 2021 (Q5b, Q7b), 2023 (Q7c), 2024 (Q7a-ii) | 3 |
| 9 | Numerical: flood/rainfall frequency (normal or log-normal; T-year event, exceedance probability) | Feb 2021 (Q5c), Jul 2021 (Q5c), 2023 (Q7a) | 3 |
| 10 | Economic evaluation of flood mitigation projects (2019 had a levee benefit-cost numerical) | 2019 (Q7c), 2023 (Q5b), 2024 (Q7c) | 3 |
| 11 | Short notes: flood wall and levee; gravity dam; diversion dam | 2024 (Q6a), 2025 (Q5a) | 2 |
| 12 | Flood proofing: advantages and disadvantages | Feb 2021 (Q7a), 2024 (Q7d) | 2 |
| 13 | Factors on which flood damage depends | 2019 (Q5c), 2025 (Q7b) | 2 |
| 14 | Flood damage assessment: tangible vs intangible, process and parameters | 2019 (Q8c), Jul 2021 (Q7c) | 2 |
| 15 | Numerical: flood risk/expected annual damage from return periods | 2019 (Q8c), 2025 (Q5b) | 2 |
| 16 | Causes of dam failure; types of dam by use | 2019 (Q6b), Feb 2021 (Q6a) | 2 |
| 17 | Weir vs barrage vs dam | Feb 2021 (Q6a), Jul 2021 (Q8a) | 2 |
| 18 | Reservoir storage zones / design factors | 2019 (Q6a), Jul 2021 (Q8a) | 2 |
| 19 | Flood control measures: structural vs non-structural; flood types and measures in Bangladesh | 2019 (Q5a), 2023 (Q6a) | 2 |
| 20 | Planning for flood management | 2025 (Q5c) | 1 |
| 21 | FEMA flood proofing strategies | 2025 (Q7c) | 1 |
| 22 | Effect of land-use change on flood hazard | 2025 (Q5d) | 1 |
| 23 | Positive outcomes of flash floods | Jul 2021 (Q8b) | 1 |
| 24 | PMF vs SPF | Jul 2021 (Q5a) | 1 |
| 25 | Flood control vs flood management | Feb 2021 (Q5a) | 1 |
| 26 | Flood hazard, risk and vulnerability; factors influencing hazard | 2019 (Q8b) | 1 |
References: