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Created: 2026/10/24 14:49
Updated: 2026/10/24 15:25
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1. [Structural Notes on the Exam Papers](#Structural%20Notes%20on%20the%20Exam%20Papers)
2. [1. Master Ranked Frequency Table](#1.%20Master%20Ranked%20Frequency%20Table)
3. [2. Questions Grouped by Lecture Material](#2.%20Questions%20Grouped%20by%20Lecture%20Material)
4. [Section A: Engineering Ethics, Professionalism, Communication & Proposals (`Lec 1` – `Lec 10`)](#Section%20A:%20Engineering%20Ethics,%20Professionalism,%20Communication%20&%20Proposals%20(%60Lec%201%60%20%E2%80%93%20%60Lec%2010%60))
1. [SA Lecture 1: Introduction to Professional Practices, Ethics vs. Laws, Communication & Projects](#SA%20Lecture%201:%20Introduction%20to%20Professional%20Practices,%20Ethics%20vs.%20Laws,%20Communication%20&%20Projects)
2. [SA Lecture 2: Professional & Business Meetings](#SA%20Lecture%202:%20Professional%20&%20Business%20Meetings)
3. [SA Lecture 3: Professional & Business Communication, Seven Cs & Barriers](#SA%20Lecture%203:%20Professional%20&%20Business%20Communication,%20Seven%20Cs%20&%20Barriers)
4. [SA Lecture 4: Project Proposals](#SA%20Lecture%204:%20Project%20Proposals)
5. [SA Lecture 5: Research Proposals & Technical Proposals](#SA%20Lecture%205:%20Research%20Proposals%20&%20Technical%20Proposals)
6. [SA Lecture 6: Financial Proposals & Civil/Environmental/Water Resources Engineering as a Profession](#SA%20Lecture%206:%20Financial%20Proposals%20&%20Civil/Environmental/Water%20Resources%20Engineering%20as%20a%20Profession)
7. [SA Lectures 7 & 8: Ethics, Engineering Ethics, Ethical Theories & Moral Spectrum](#SA%20Lectures%207%20&%208:%20Ethics,%20Engineering%20Ethics,%20Ethical%20Theories%20&%20Moral%20Spectrum)
8. [SA Lecture 9: Code of Ethics, ASCE Fundamental Principles, Canons & Guidelines to Practice](#SA%20Lecture%209:%20Code%20of%20Ethics,%20ASCE%20Fundamental%20Principles,%20Canons%20&%20Guidelines%20to%20Practice)
9. [SA Lecture 10: Consulting Engineers, IFCE/FIDIC, BACE & IEB Code of Ethics](#SA%20Lecture%2010:%20Consulting%20Engineers,%20IFCE/FIDIC,%20BACE%20&%20IEB%20Code%20of%20Ethics)
5. [Section B: Public Procurement (PPR-2008), Contracts, Tendering, Project Management & Job Applications (`Lec 11` – `Lec 24`)](#Section%20B:%20Public%20Procurement%20(PPR-2008),%20Contracts,%20Tendering,%20Project%20Management%20&%20Job%20Applications%20(%60Lec%2011%60%20%E2%80%93%20%60Lec%2024%60))
1. [SA Lecture 11: Professional Engagement, SOW vs. Scope of Work & QBS/FBS](#SA%20Lecture%2011:%20Professional%20Engagement,%20SOW%20vs.%20Scope%20of%20Work%20&%20QBS/FBS)
2. [SA Lecture 13: Project Characteristics, Fundamental Criteria, Life Cycle & Cost/Time Estimation](#SA%20Lecture%2013:%20Project%20Characteristics,%20Fundamental%20Criteria,%20Life%20Cycle%20&%20Cost/Time%20Estimation)
3. [SA Lecture 14: Contracts in Procurement & Public-Private Partnership (PPP)](#SA%20Lecture%2014:%20Contracts%20in%20Procurement%20&%20Public-Private%20Partnership%20(PPP))
4. [SA Lecture 15: Public Procurement Act (PPA 2006) & Public Procurement Rules (PPR 2008)](#SA%20Lecture%2015:%20Public%20Procurement%20Act%20(PPA%202006)%20&%20Public%20Procurement%20Rules%20(PPR%202008))
5. [SA Lecture 16: Procurement Methods for Goods & Works (OTM, LTM, Two-Stage, One-Stage Two-Envelope)](#SA%20Lecture%2016:%20Procurement%20Methods%20for%20Goods%20&%20Works%20(OTM,%20LTM,%20Two-Stage,%20One-Stage%20Two-Envelope))
6. [SA Lecture 17: Request for Quotation (RFQ) & Direct Procurement Method (DPM)](#SA%20Lecture%2017:%20Request%20for%20Quotation%20(RFQ)%20&%20Direct%20Procurement%20Method%20(DPM))
7. [SA Lecture 18 (Class Notebook): Tender Security, Performance Security & Retention Money](#SA%20Lecture%2018%20(Class%20Notebook):%20Tender%20Security,%20Performance%20Security%20&%20Retention%20Money)
8. [SA Lecture 19: Procurement of Intellectual and Professional Services (PPR Rules 103–112)](#SA%20Lecture%2019:%20Procurement%20of%20Intellectual%20and%20Professional%20Services%20(PPR%20Rules%20103%E2%80%93112))
9. [SA Lecture 20: Tender Documents & Standard Tender Documents (STDs)](#SA%20Lecture%2020:%20Tender%20Documents%20&%20Standard%20Tender%20Documents%20(STDs))
10. [SA Lecture 21: Technical Specifications in Tendering (PPR Rule 29)](#SA%20Lecture%2021:%20Technical%20Specifications%20in%20Tendering%20(PPR%20Rule%2029))
11. [SA Lecture 22: Tender Evaluation (TEC Procedures & Special Cases)](#SA%20Lecture%2022:%20Tender%20Evaluation%20(TEC%20Procedures%20&%20Special%20Cases))
12. [SA Lecture 23: Job Application, Employer Expectations & Curriculum Vitae (CV)](#SA%20Lecture%2023:%20Job%20Application,%20Employer%20Expectations%20&%20Curriculum%20Vitae%20(CV))
13. [SA Lecture 24: Development Project Proposal (DPP)](#SA%20Lecture%2024:%20Development%20Project%20Proposal%20(DPP))
14. [Unmapped Past Exam Questions (Not Found in `SA/` Lecture Slides)](#Unmapped%20Past%20Exam%20Questions%20(Not%20Found%20in%20%60SA/%60%20Lecture%20Slides))
---
# GEEM 445 (EWC 401): Engineering Ethics & Professional Practices — Question Pattern & Analysis
An exhaustive, page-verified analysis of all 6 past term-final examination question papers and official lecture slide decks (`SA/Lec 1` through `Lec 24` and `SA/Notebook.pdf`) for **GEEM 445: Engineering Ethics and Professional Practices** (formerly **EWC 401: Professional Practices and Communication**):
1. [Question Paper - EWC 401, 2019.pdf](Question%20Paper%20-%20EWC%20401,%202019.pdf) — *Spring Final Examination: June 2019*
2. [Question Paper - EWC 401, 2021.pdf](Question%20Paper%20-%20EWC%20401,%202021.pdf) — *Final Examination (Spring): Feb 2021*
3. [Question Paper - EWC 401, 2022.pdf](Question%20Paper%20-%20EWC%20401,%202022.pdf) — *Term Final (Spring) Examination 2021: July–Aug 2021 (file named `2022.pdf`)*
4. [Question Paper - GEEM 445, 2023.pdf](Question%20Paper%20-%20GEEM%20445,%202023.pdf) — *Term Final (Spring) Examination 2023: Jul–Sep 2023*
5. [Question Paper - GEEM 445, 2024.pdf](Question%20Paper%20-%20GEEM%20445,%202024.pdf) — *Term Final (Spring) Examination 2024: Oct–Nov 2024*
6. [Question Paper - GEEM 445, 2025.pdf](Question%20Paper%20-%20GEEM%20445,%202025.pdf) — *Term Final (Spring) Examination 2025: Oct–Nov 2025*
### Structural Notes on the Exam Papers
- **Syllabus Continuity (2021–2025 vs. 2019):** From **2021 to 2025** (5 exams), the course follows a standardized 24-lecture curriculum (`SA/Lec 1` to `Lec 24`). The **2019** paper was set under an earlier case-study/thematic format (Padma Bridge, Bangabandhu Bridge, Buriganga restoration, Sylhet flash flood, coastal polderization, and Vancouver research ethics rules).
- **Section A vs. Section B Split:**
- **Section A (60 Marks; Q1 Compulsory):** Covers *Lectures 1–10* — Professionalism & Professional Practices, Professional Meetings, Business Communication & Barriers, Project/Research/Technical/Financial Proposals, Civil & Environmental/Water Resources Engineering Profession, Engineering Ethics & Ethical Theories, Code of Ethics (ASCE/Canons), Consulting Engineers (BACE, FIDIC/IFCE), and the IEB Code of Ethics. *(Note: In 2022, several Project Management/Cost Estimation questions were placed in Section A.)*
- **Section B (60 Marks; Q5 Compulsory):** Covers *Lectures 11–24* — Professional Engagement & SOW vs. Scope of Work, Project Characteristics & Cost/Time Estimation, Contracts (Admeasurement, Cost Reimbursable, Lump-Sum, Turnkey, PPP), Public Procurement (PPA 2006, PPR 2008), Tendering Methods (OTM, LTM, Two-Stage, One-Stage Two-Envelope, RFQ, DPM), Tender Security/Performance Security/Retention Money (`Notebook.pdf`), Goods/Works vs. Services & QCBS, Standard Tender Documents (STDs), Technical Specifications, Tender Opening/Evaluation (TOC, TEC, NOA), Job Applications & CV, and Development Project Proposals (DPP).
- **Multi-Part Sub-Questions:** Many exam sub-questions (e.g., `2023 Q1a`, `2023 Q8a`, `2025 Q4b`) bundle 2–3 distinct recurring questions into a single sub-question. Below, individual questions are decomposed, ranked by appearance frequency across the 6 papers, and mapped to exact 1-indexed PDF page numbers in `SA/`. Where a question is not covered in any lecture material in `SA/`, the `Reference` cell is left blank.
---
## 1. Master Ranked Frequency Table
| Rank | Question | Frequency | Reference | Years |
| :--: | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------: | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 1 | **Barriers to Professional/Business Communication & Human Factors**
Define the barriers to professional/business communication, classify the factors affecting communication, and describe the human factors/behaviors leading to communication barriers in the workplace. | 5 | [Lec 3](SA/Lec%203%20GEEM%20445,%20Professional%20%20Comm.pdf) (p. 18–20) | 2021 (Q3b), 2022 (Q1d), 2023 (Q4a), 2024 (Q3a), 2025 (Q3a) |
| 2 | **Code of Ethics: Definition, Functions & Why Professionals Should Support It**
What is a 'Code of Ethics' for professionals/engineers? Describe its functions (`SCS PSI`) and explain why professionals should support and follow the code of ethics (`PAMO`). | 5 | [Lec 9](SA/Lec%209%20GEEM%20445-Code%20of%20Ethics.pdf) (p. 3–4) | 2021 (Q2a), 2022 (Q1e), 2023 (Q4b), 2024 (Q3b), 2025 (Q3b) |
| 3 | **IEB Code of Ethics**
What do you mean by the 'IEB Code of Ethics'? Write down and briefly explain the codes of ethics of the Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh (IEB). | 5 | [Lec 10](SA/Lec%2010%20GEEM%20445%20IFCE%20Ethics.pdf) (p. 13–18)
[Lec 4](SA/Lec%204%20GEEM%20445%20Project%20Proposal.pdf) (p. 2) | 2021 (Q2a), 2022 (Q2c), 2023 (Q1d), 2024 (Q4c), 2025 (Q4b) |
| 4 | **Civil & Environmental/Water Resources Engineering: Characteristics, Attributes & Key Issues**
Explain who Civil and Environmental/Water Resources Engineers are, describe the basic characteristics and five attributes of the profession (`2021 Q1b, Q1d; 2022 Q3c; 2023 Q1c; 2024 Q1d; 2025 Q1b`), and list the key issues faced by them in the present world (`2021 Q1b; 2023 Q1c; 2024 Q1d`). | 5 | [Lec 6](SA/Lec%206%20GEEM%20445%20Financial%20Proposal%20&%20CEE,%20CWRE.pdf) (p. 11–15) | 2021 (Q1b, Q1d), 2022 (Q3c), 2023 (Q1c), 2024 (Q1d), 2025 (Q1b) |
| 5 | **Public Procurement, PPA 2006 & PPR 2008, and Circumstances Where PPR Applies**
Define Procurement and Public Procurement. Explain in brief PPA 2006 and PPR 2008, and describe the scope/circumstances/entities to which PPR-2008 shall be applied. | 5 | [Lec 15](SA/Lec%2015%20GEEM%20445%20PPA-PPR.pdf) (p. 4, 6–8, 11) | 2021 (Q5b), 2022 (Q6a), 2023 (Q6a), 2024 (Q5b), 2025 (Q5c) |
| 6 | **Tender Evaluation Committee (TEC) & Circumstances When TEC Shall Not Continue to Evaluate**
Define Tender Evaluation and the Tender Evaluation Committee (TEC). Describe the evaluation procedures, the circumstances under which TEC shall not continue to evaluate a tender (non-responsive tenderers), and TEC actions when the offered price is significantly below/above the official estimate or tied. | 5 | [Lec 22](SA/Lec%2022%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Tender%20Eval.pdf) (p. 5–15)
[Lec 15](SA/Lec%2015%20GEEM%20445%20PPA-PPR.pdf) (p. 18–27)
[Lec 20](SA/Lec%2020%20GEEM%20445%20Tend%20Docus.pdf) (p. 21–22) | 2021 (Q5c), 2022 (Q7a), 2023 (Q7a), 2024 (Q6b), 2025 (Q8b) |
| 7 | **Tendering Methods: Open Tendering (OTM), Two-Stage & One-Stage Two-Envelope Tendering**
Define Tendering and the Open Tendering Method (OTM). Explain the criteria/circumstances under which a Procuring Entity (PE) undertakes Two-Stage Tendering, and describe/differentiate the procedures of the Two-Stage Tendering Method and the One-Stage Two-Envelope Tendering Method. | 5 | [Lec 16](SA/Lec%2016%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Pro%20Method.pdf) (p. 2–4, 11–21)
[Lec 11](SA/Lec%2011%20GEEM%20445%20Prof%20Engagement.pdf) (p. 6) | 2021 (Q6b), 2022 (Q8d), 2023 (Q6b), 2024 (Q7a), 2025 (Q7a) |
| 8 | **Job Application: Pre-Application Responsibilities & Employer Recruitment Factors**
What is a Job Application? As a job seeker/applicant, what should you do before responding to a job advertisement (`2022 Q5e; 2023 Q8a; 2024 Q5e; 2025 Q5d`), and what factors/perspectives do employers look for when recruiting employees (`2021 Q6a; 2024 Q5e; 2025 Q5d`)? | 5 | [Lec 23](SA/Lec%2023%20GEEM%20445%20%20Job%20Aplication.pdf) (p. 4–10) | 2021 (Q6a), 2022 (Q5e), 2023 (Q8a), 2024 (Q5e), 2025 (Q5d) |
| 9 | **Engineering Project Definition, Fundamental Criteria & Project Types**
How do you define an engineering project? Describe the fundamental criteria (Project Triangle / Diamond) that a project must meet (`2019 Q1b; 2021 Q5a; 2023 Q5a; 2024 Q6a; 2025 Q6a`) and the types of projects based on these fundamental criteria with examples (`2025 Q6a`). | 5 | [Lec 1](SA/Lec%201%20GEEM%20%20445.pdf) (p. 16–20)
[Lec 13](SA/Lec%2013%20GEEM%20445%20%20PPR%20Proj%20Charac.pdf) (p. 3–9) | 2021 (Q5a), 2022 (Q1a), 2023 (Q5a), 2024 (Q6a), 2025 (Q6a) |
| 10 | **Professional, Professional Practices & Maintaining Professionalism in the Workplace**
Explain the terms 'professional' and 'professional practices'. As a junior/civil/environmental engineer, how do you ensure and maintain professionalism in your workplace (`EA EP O`)? | 4 | [Lec 1](SA/Lec%201%20GEEM%20%20445.pdf) (p. 7–8, 14) | 2021 (Q1a), 2022 (Q2a), 2023 (Q3a), 2025 (Q1a) |
| 11 | **Ethics, Laws & Morals: Definitions and Differentiation Between Ethics and Laws**
Define ethics (and discuss ethics, laws, and morals with examples). How do you differentiate between ethics and laws? | 4 | [Lec 1](SA/Lec%201%20GEEM%20%20445.pdf) (p. 9–11)
[Lec 7, 8](SA/Lec%207,%208%20GEEM%20445-Engg%20Ethics.pdf) (p. 3, 6–7) | 2021 (Q1c), 2023 (Q1a), 2024 (Q1a), 2025 (Q1c) |
| 12 | **Professional/Business Meetings: Definition, Necessity & Planning/Conducting Tasks**
Define a meeting in profession/business and explain why it is necessary (`CCASSM`). As a junior engineer given responsibility to organize a meeting, describe the planning considerations/tasks and the main steps to conduct an effective meeting (Notice, Agenda, Minutes). | 4 | [Lec 2](SA/Lec%202%20GEEM%20445%20Meeting.pdf) (p. 4–5, 7–10, 14–24) | 2021 (Q2b), 2023 (Q2b), 2024 (Q2a), 2025 (Q2a) |
| 13 | **Project Proposal: Definition, Objectives/Purposes, Categories, Sections & Rejection Reasons**
Define an engineering project proposal. Describe its main objectives/purposes, different categories/types, key components/sections (7 steps), and the four basic reasons why project proposals get rejected (`2024 Q1c`). | 4 | [Lec 1](SA/Lec%201%20GEEM%20%20445.pdf) (p. 23–27)
[Lec 4](SA/Lec%204%20GEEM%20445%20Project%20Proposal.pdf) (p. 4–27)
[Lec 11](SA/Lec%2011%20GEEM%20445%20Prof%20Engagement.pdf) (p. 26–27) | 2021 (Q2c, Q3a), 2022 (Q2b), 2023 (Q1b), 2024 (Q1c) |
| 14 | **Engineering Ethics: Definition, Objectives & Ethical Theories (Divisions, Normative Theory, Ethical Triangle)**
Define engineering ethics and write down its objectives. Describe the divisions of contemporary ethical theories (`Metaethics, Normative, Applied`), normative ethical theory (`2024 Q2b`), the ethical triangle (`Character, Principle, Consequence-based` in `2025 Q2b`), and typical ethical issues in Water/Environmental Engineering (`2019 Q5a`). | 4 | [Lec 7, 8](SA/Lec%207,%208%20GEEM%20445-Engg%20Ethics.pdf) (p. 3–5, 9–15) | 2019 (Q5a), 2023 (Q3b), 2024 (Q2b), 2025 (Q2b) |
| 15 | **Consulting Engineers (Characteristics & Responsibilities) and Professional Associations (BACE, FIDIC/IFCE)**
Define consulting engineers and describe their responsibilities and five characteristics (`Competence, Integrity, Impartiality, Fairness, Zero Corruption` in `2022 Q4c; 2023 Q2c; 2025 Q4b`). Write short notes on BACE and give the full forms/meanings of FIDIC/IFCE, ASPAC, and TCDPAP (`2023 Q2c; 2024 Q1e; 2025 Q4b`). | 4 | [Lec 10](SA/Lec%2010%20GEEM%20445%20IFCE%20Ethics.pdf) (p. 4–12) | 2022 (Q4c), 2023 (Q2c), 2024 (Q1e), 2025 (Q4b) |
| 16 | **Professional/Business Communication: Definition, Broad Categories & Importance**
Define professional and business communication with examples. Describe its three broad categories (`Internal Operational, External Operational, Personal`) and write down the importance of professional/business communication (`MALEE`). | 4 | [Lec 1](SA/Lec%201%20GEEM%20%20445.pdf) (p. 12–13, 15)
[Lec 3](SA/Lec%203%20GEEM%20445,%20Professional%20%20Comm.pdf) (p. 3–9) | 2021 (Q1a), 2023 (Q1a, Q2b), 2024 (Q1b), 2025 (Q1d) |
| 17 | **Contracts in Procurement & Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Contracts**
Define a contract in procurement, differentiate between a tender and a contract, and list the major classifications of contracts (`2024 Q7c; 2025 Q5b`). Describe Public-Private Partnership (PPP / Design-Build-Operate) contracts, their three types (`Free-Standing, Levies on Public Sector, Joint Ventures`) with examples, why PPP contracts are used, and how cost plus profit is recovered (`2022 Q5a; 2023 Q5c; 2024 Q7c; 2025 Q6b`). | 4 | [Lec 14](SA/Lec%2014%20GEEM%20445%20Contract.pdf) (p. 3–5, 21–28)
[Lec 11](SA/Lec%2011%20GEEM%20445%20Prof%20Engagement.pdf) (p. 6, 27)
[Lec 15](SA/Lec%2015%20GEEM%20445%20PPA-PPR.pdf) (p. 10) | 2022 (Q5a), 2023 (Q5c), 2024 (Q7c), 2025 (Q5b, Q6b) |
| 18 | **Differences Between Goods, Works and Services in Public Procurement**
Write down the meanings of goods, works, and services in public procurement methods and differentiate between goods/works and services as per PPR-2008. | 4 | [Lec 19](SA/Lec%2019%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Intellec%20Svc.pdf) (p. 3–4) | 2022 (Q6c), 2023 (Q7c), 2024 (Q8b), 2025 (Q8a) |
| 19 | **Procurement of Intellectual & Professional Services and the QCBS Method**
What do you mean by the procurement of intellectual and professional services? List the preferred (`QCBS, FBS`) and other (`LCS, SSS, CSOS, ICS, SBCQ, DCS`) selection methods under PPR and briefly describe the Quality and Cost Based Selection (QCBS) method. | 4 | [Lec 19](SA/Lec%2019%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Intellec%20Svc.pdf) (p. 5–9, 12–25)
[Lec 11](SA/Lec%2011%20GEEM%20445%20Prof%20Engagement.pdf) (p. 16–25) | 2022 (Q6c, Q8b), 2023 (Q8b), 2024 (Q8b), 2025 (Q8a) |
| 20 | **Technical Specifications in Tender Documents: Definition & Preparation by PE**
Define 'specification' in tender/contract documents. What seven points must a Procuring Entity (PE) clearly describe (Rule 29), and how does the PE prepare technical specifications of goods/works/equipment (including when lacking adequate technical expertise)? | 4 | [Lec 21](SA/Lec%2021%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Spec.pdf) (p. 3–15) | 2022 (Q5d, Q6d), 2023 (Q8c), 2024 (Q7b), 2025 (Q7b) |
| 21 | **Tender Security, Performance Security & Retention Money**
Define tender security, performance security, and retention money in the tendering process. Describe their requirements, how the amount of tender security is determined (`1%–3%` fixed amount with example in `2024 Q5c`), and under what circumstances tender security is forfeited (`2022 Q5c`). | 4 | [Notebook](SA/Notebook.pdf) (p. 63–65)
[Lec 20](SA/Lec%2020%20GEEM%20445%20Tend%20Docus.pdf) (p. 5, 9, 20, 24–25, 30)
[Lec 22](SA/Lec%2022%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Tender%20Eval.pdf) (p. 8) | 2021 (Q7a), 2022 (Q5c), 2023 (Q8b), 2024 (Q5c) |
| 22 | **Curriculum Vitae (CV): Definition, Main Parts/Salient Points & Reasons for Rejection**
What is a CV? Describe the main parts/salient points of a standard CV (`2021 Q6a; 2022 Q7b; 2023 Q8a`) and explain the reasons why a CV submitted for a job advertisement is likely to be rejected (`2022 Q8c; 2023 Q8a; 2025 Q5d`). | 4 | [Lec 23](SA/Lec%2023%20GEEM%20445%20%20Job%20Aplication.pdf) (p. 11–20) | 2021 (Q6a), 2022 (Q7b, Q8c), 2023 (Q8a), 2025 (Q5d) |
| 23 | **Project Cost Estimation: Importance, Life-Cycle Estimation Types & 100% Accuracy Question**
Why is cost estimation of a project required (especially in time-bound projects)? Describe the five types of repeated cost estimation across a project's life cycle (`Order of Magnitude, Study, Preliminary, Definitive, Detailed`), and explain whether 100% cost estimation is possible before moving into full-scale operations (`2024 Q6a`). | 4 | [Lec 13](SA/Lec%2013%20GEEM%20445%20%20PPR%20Proj%20Charac.pdf) (p. 14–19)
[Lec 11](SA/Lec%2011%20GEEM%20445%20Prof%20Engagement.pdf) (p. 28) | 2021 (Q7c), 2022 (Q3b), 2024 (Q6a), 2025 (Q6a) |
| 24 | **Technical Proposal of a Product/Work: Definition, Types, Writing Steps & Length**
Define the technical proposal of a product/work in project management/procurement. Enumerate the four types of technical proposals (`Business/Sales, Research, Design, Implementation`), explain the five steps in writing a technical proposal (`Define, Benefits, Process, Vision, Participation`), and discuss how long it should be and why. | 3 | [Lec 5](SA/Lec%205%20GEEM%20445%20Research%20Proposal%20&%20Tech%20Proposal.pdf) (p. 13–25) | 2023 (Q2a), 2024 (Q4a), 2025 (Q4a) |
| 25 | **Financial Proposal of a Project: Definition, Importance, Essential Elements & Creating a Summary**
Define the financial proposal for a project. Describe its importance and seven key points/elements, and explain why summarizing everything ("creating a summary") on a single front page at the end of preparing a financial proposal is required. | 3 | [Lec 6](SA/Lec%206%20GEEM%20445%20Financial%20Proposal%20&%20CEE,%20CWRE.pdf) (p. 2–10) | 2023 (Q4c), 2024 (Q4b), 2025 (Q1e) |
| 26 | **Principles vs. Canons of Code of Conduct/Ethics, ASCE Fundamental Principles & Practice Guidelines**
Differentiate between the principles and the canons of a code of conduct/ethics (`2023 Q4b`). Write down the four fundamental principles of the ASCE Code of Ethics (`2025 Q3b`) and the guidelines to practice for specific canons (`Canon 2 & Canon 3` in `2024 Q3c`). | 3 | [Lec 9](SA/Lec%209%20GEEM%20445-Code%20of%20Ethics.pdf) (p. 5, 7–24) | 2023 (Q4b), 2024 (Q3c), 2025 (Q3b) |
| 27 | **Professional Engagement in Engineering Services: Definition & Requirements**
As an engineer, define professional engagement in professional services and describe the needs/requirements of professional engagement in engineering professions. | 3 | [Lec 11](SA/Lec%2011%20GEEM%20445%20Prof%20Engagement.pdf) (p. 3, 16) | 2023 (Q5b), 2024 (Q5a), 2025 (Q5a) |
| 28 | **Statement of the Work (SOW) vs. Scope of the Work**
Differentiate between the 'statement of the work' and the 'scope of the work' in project management and professional services. | 3 | [Lec 11](SA/Lec%2011%20GEEM%20445%20Prof%20Engagement.pdf) (p. 14–15) | 2021 (Q3c), 2023 (Q5b), 2025 (Q5a) |
| 29 | **Standard Tender Documents (STDs / TD) & Information/Conditions Furnished by PE**
Define Tender Document (TD) / Standard Tender Documents (STDs) and Procuring Entity (PE). What information and conditions must the PE set out clearly in the tender documents (Rule 4)? | 3 | [Lec 20](SA/Lec%2020%20GEEM%20445%20Tend%20Docus.pdf) (p. 4–9, 11–15)
[Lec 15](SA/Lec%2015%20GEEM%20445%20PPA-PPR.pdf) (p. 12) | 2021 (Q7b), 2023 (Q7b), 2024 (Q5d) |
| 30 | **Documents Forming a Contract in Public Procurement & Notification of Award (NOA)**
Define Notification of Award (NOA) in the tendering process (`2025 Q8b`) and list/describe in order of precedence the 10 documents that form the contract for project implementation in public procurement (Rule 4(7)). | 3 | [Lec 20](SA/Lec%2020%20GEEM%20445%20Tend%20Docus.pdf) (p. 10, 24–25, 30)
[Lec 17](SA/Lec%2017%20GEEM%20445%20RFQ,%20DP.pdf) (p. 15) | 2022 (Q7c), 2023 (Q7b), 2025 (Q8b) |
| 31 | **Short Notes on Key Public Procurement Terms (HOPE, Force Majeure, PM, AA, Responsive Tenderers)**
Write short notes on: (i) Head of Procuring Entity (HOPE) (`2021, 2023`), (ii) Force Majeure (`2021, 2022, 2023`), (iii) Project Manager (PM) (`2021, 2022`), (iv) Approving Authority (AA) (`2022`), and (v) Responsive Tenderers (`2023`). | 3 | [Lec 15](SA/Lec%2015%20GEEM%20445%20PPA-PPR.pdf) (p. 9, 13–15) | 2021 (Q5b), 2022 (Q8a), 2023 (Q6a) |
| 32 | **Meeting Room Arrangements & Benefits of Face-to-Face Meetings**
Explain the three types of meeting room arrangements (`Theater, U-Shaped, Circle`) for professional meetings and describe the benefits of face-to-face meetings in a project/business. | 2 | [Lec 2](SA/Lec%202%20GEEM%20445%20Meeting.pdf) (p. 6, 11–13) | 2023 (Q3c), 2025 (Q2a) |
| 33 | **Strategies / Steps to Overcome Barriers to Professional Communication**
Describe in brief the nine steps/strategies a professional should follow to remove or overcome the barriers to professional communication. | 2 | [Lec 3](SA/Lec%203%20GEEM%20445,%20Professional%20%20Comm.pdf) (p. 22–24) | 2022 (Q4d), 2025 (Q3a) |
| 34 | **Ethical Aspects of Professional/Business Communication**
Briefly describe/explain the ethical aspects (`FIHQCD`: Fairness, Integrity, Honesty, Quality, Compassion, Dignity) of professional and business communication. | 2 | [Lec 3](SA/Lec%203%20GEEM%20445,%20Professional%20%20Comm.pdf) (p. 21) | 2022 (Q4b), 2024 (Q3a) |
| 35 | **Project Life Cycle Phases & the Project Life Cycle Curve**
What is a Project Life Cycle? Briefly describe the five broad phases of a project life cycle (`Conception, Definition, Planning & Organizing, Implementation, Clean-Up`) with the 'project life cycle curve' (`% of effort`). | 2 | [Lec 13](SA/Lec%2013%20GEEM%20445%20%20PPR%20Proj%20Charac.pdf) (p. 10–13)
[Lec 1](SA/Lec%201%20GEEM%20%20445.pdf) (p. 21–22) | 2021 (Q6c), 2022 (Q1a) |
| 36 | **Limited Tendering Method (LTM / LIM) & Enlistment of Tenderers/Suppliers**
Define the Limited Tendering Method (LTM / LIM) for public procurement (Rule 63). Write down the criteria when LTM is applicable and describe the procedures for enlistment of tenderers/contractors/suppliers by the PE (Rule 52). | 2 | [Lec 16](SA/Lec%2016%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Pro%20Method.pdf) (p. 5–10)
[Lec 15](SA/Lec%2015%20GEEM%20445%20PPA-PPR.pdf) (p. 25) | 2022 (Q5b), 2024 (Q8a) |
| 37 | **Request for Quotation (RFQ) Method: Definition, Procedures & Required Documents**
Define the Request for Quotation (RFQ) method of procurement (Rules 69–73). Describe the procedures for using the RFQ method and list the documents needed for RFQ procurement of goods. | 2 | [Lec 17](SA/Lec%2017%20GEEM%20445%20RFQ,%20DP.pdf) (p. 3–16)
[Lec 11](SA/Lec%2011%20GEEM%20445%20Prof%20Engagement.pdf) (p. 13)
[Lec 15](SA/Lec%2015%20GEEM%20445%20PPA-PPR.pdf) (p. 12) | 2022 (Q6b), 2023 (Q6c) |
| 38 | **Development Project Proposal (DPP) in Bangladesh: Definition, Project Types & Approval Process**
Define Development Project Proposal (DPP). Describe the different types of projects in DPP (`Investment vs. Technical Assistance Projects` in `2024 Q8c`) and the approval process of DPP in Bangladesh (`PEC, Planning Minister ≤ 50 Cr, ECNEC > 50 Cr` in `2023 Q5d`). | 2 | [Lec 24](SA/Lec%2024%20GEEM%20445%20%20DPP.pdf) (p. 3–9) | 2023 (Q5d), 2024 (Q8c) |
| 39 | **Sustainable Engineering Project Principles & Ecosystem Services Trade-Offs**
What do you understand by a sustainable engineering project? Describe the principles of sustainable development for a Civil/Environmental/Water Resources project (`2022 Q1c`) and the trade-offs in keeping sustainable ecosystem services (`2019 Q1a`). | 2 | | 2019 (Q1a), 2022 (Q1c) |
| 40 | **Admeasurement Contract & Its Two Forms (BOQ & Schedule of Rates)**
What is an admeasurement contract in procurement? Briefly describe the two forms of admeasurement contracts (`Bill of Quantities` and `Schedule of Rates`). | 1 | [Lec 14](SA/Lec%2014%20GEEM%20445%20Contract.pdf) (p. 6–14) | 2025 (Q5b) |
| 41 | **Cost Reimbursable Contract & Its Three Types**
Define cost reimbursable contract in procurement and briefly describe its three types (`Cost Plus Fixed Fee [CPFF]`, `Cost Plus Percentage Fee [CPPF]`, and `Cost Plus Fluctuating Fee`). | 1 | [Lec 14](SA/Lec%2014%20GEEM%20445%20Contract.pdf) (p. 15–17) | 2025 (Q6b) |
| 42 | **Tender Opening Committee (TOC): Formation & Functions**
Write down the formation (Rule 7, Schedule II) and functions of the Tender Opening Committee (TOC) in the tendering process. | 1 | [Lec 15](SA/Lec%2015%20GEEM%20445%20PPA-PPR.pdf) (p. 16–17)
[Lec 11](SA/Lec%2011%20GEEM%20445%20Prof%20Engagement.pdf) (p. 12) | 2025 (Q5c) |
| 43 | **Engineer Self-Image vs. Public Perception**
Illustrate, as professional engineers, how you view yourselves and how the public views you. | 1 | [Lec 7, 8](SA/Lec%207,%208%20GEEM%20445-Engg%20Ethics.pdf) (p. 8) | 2024 (Q2b) |
| 44 | **Unethical but Legal vs. Ethical but Illegal Works**
Explain with examples some works that are unethical but legal (`e.g., workplace harassment / sweatshops`) and some that are ethical but illegal (`e.g., whistleblowing`). | 1 | [Lec 7, 8](SA/Lec%207,%208%20GEEM%20445-Engg%20Ethics.pdf) (p. 7) | 2023 (Q4b) |
| 45 | **Semantic Barriers to Professional Communication**
Briefly describe the different semantic barriers of professional communication (`bad expression, words with different meanings, faulty denotation/connotation`) and explain why they are called semantic barriers. | 1 | [Notebook](SA/Notebook.pdf) (p. 8)
[Lec 3](SA/Lec%203%20GEEM%20445,%20Professional%20%20Comm.pdf) (p. 13, 18–19) | 2022 (Q2d) |
| 46 | **External Operational Communication & Public Relations (PR)**
What is external operational communication in a professional environment, and how can a true professional improve Public Relations (PR) through external communication? | 1 | [Lec 3](SA/Lec%203%20GEEM%20445,%20Professional%20%20Comm.pdf) (p. 4, 7–8) | 2022 (Q3d) |
| 47 | **Direct Procurement Method (DPM) & Its Five Types**
What is Direct Procurement Method (DPM)? Describe the five types of DPM (`Direct Contracting, Additional Deliveries/Repeat Order, Variation/Extra Work Order, Direct Cash Purchase, Force Account`) in public procurement (Rules 74–82). | 1 | [Lec 17](SA/Lec%2017%20GEEM%20445%20RFQ,%20DP.pdf) (p. 17–25) | 2022 (Q7d) |
| 48 | **Zero-Date of a Project & Project Site Selection Considerations**
What do you mean by the zero-date of a project? Write down the important considerations for properly selecting and taking possession of the project site before the zero-date. | 1 | [Lec 13](SA/Lec%2013%20GEEM%20445%20%20PPR%20Proj%20Charac.pdf) (p. 11, 17) | 2022 (Q3a) |
| 49 | **Project Feasibility Report & Assessing/Planning Fund Requirements**
What is a project feasibility report? As a project manager, how do you assess correctly the fund requirements and plan for the fund of a project? | 1 | | 2022 (Q1b) |
| 50 | **Economic Viability of a Project & Assessment by Return on Investment (RoI)**
What do you mean by the economic viability of a project? How do you assess the economic viability of a project by RoI (with an example)? | 1 | | 2022 (Q4a) |
| 51 | **Undergraduate Thesis / Sub-Project Research Proposal Writing (Water Logging & Padma Bridge)**
Write down the title, objectives, methodology, and outcomes in a thesis/research proposal (`2019 Q4`: coastal polderization and water logging; `2019 Q8`: Padma Bridge sub-projects). | 1 | [Lec 5](SA/Lec%205%20GEEM%20445%20Research%20Proposal%20&%20Tech%20Proposal.pdf) (p. 2–12) | 2019 (Q4, Q8) |
| 52 | **Triple Constraints of Project Management (Time, Cost, Quality) & Stakeholders**
Time, cost, and quality are considered triple constraints for project management. Explain how these factors are linked with stakeholders. | 1 | | 2019 (Q1b) |
| 53 | **Bid Evaluation Selection Criteria for Project Proposal (Sylhet Basin Flash Flood)**
Explain bid evaluation selection criteria with the 5 keywords: *Responding to need and demand, Impact and Scale, Gender and equity, Implementation, Engagement with policy makers*. | 1 | | 2019 (Q2) |
| 54 | **Valid Contract Document Requirements & Express/Implied/Exclusion Terms**
What are the requirements to prepare a valid contract document (`Q3a`), and draft a contract document using *Express Terms, Implied Terms, Conditions, Warranties, and Exclusion Terms* (`Q3b`)? | 1 | | 2019 (Q3a, Q3b) |
| 55 | **Engineering Ethics & Societal Welfare (Bangabandhu Bridge Statement)**
Explain the statement linking the construction of the Bangabandhu Bridge over the Jamuna and societal welfare: *"Main connection between ethics and Civil Engineering comes from the impact that engineered communication within the society"*. | 1 | | 2019 (Q5b) |
| 56 | **Vancouver Recommendations on Research Ethics Commitments & Authorship Rules**
What are the Vancouver Recommendations on research ethics commitments (`Q6a`), and what are the requirements to be an author or co-author of a research article recommended in the Vancouver rule (`Q6b`)? | 1 | | 2019 (Q6a, Q6b) |
| 57 | **Research/Technical Report Templates & Padma Bridge Technical Report**
What are the basic templates of a research/technical report as a medium of technical communication (`Q7a`)? Fill up the template of a technical report prepared under the thematic topic *"Construction of the Padma Bridge"* (`Q7b`). | 1 | | 2019 (Q7a, Q7b) |
---
## 2. Questions Grouped by Lecture Material
Every past exam question is mapped below to its corresponding lecture slide deck in `SA/` (and `SA/Notebook.pdf` for `Lec 18`), ordered by slide page number within each lecture. Questions that span multiple lectures are listed under each relevant lecture for complete coverage.
### Section A: Engineering Ethics, Professionalism, Communication & Proposals (`Lec 1` – `Lec 10`)
#### SA Lecture 1: Introduction to Professional Practices, Ethics vs. Laws, Communication & Projects
- **File:** [SA/Lec 1 GEEM 445.pdf](SA/Lec%201%20GEEM%20%20445.pdf) (28 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Professional practices, professional, professionalism, maintaining professionalism in the workplace (`EA EP O`), ethics, morals, and laws (`Ethics vs. Law` comparison), workplace communication modes & importance (`BRAC-I`, `MALEE`), project definition, key characteristics, 7 stages of a project (`IPA PIME`), project proposal definition, main objective, and 4 categories (`Internal, External, Solicited, Unsolicited`).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 7–8, 14 | Define 'professional' and 'professional practices'; explain how to ensure/maintain professionalism in the workplace (`Ethical, Attire, Etiquette, Punctual, Organized`) and the importance of professional practices | 2021 (Q1a, 5m), 2022 (Q2a, 5m), 2023 (Q3a, 6m), 2025 (Q1a, 4m) |
| p. 9–11 | Define ethics, morals, and laws; differentiate between ethics and laws | 2021 (Q1c, 5m), 2023 (Q1a, 5m), 2024 (Q1a, 4m), 2025 (Q1c, 4m) |
| p. 12–13, 15 | Define communication and workplace communication modes; write down the importance of professional communication (`MALEE`) | 2021 (Q1a, 5m), 2023 (Q1a, 5m), 2024 (Q1b, 4m), 2025 (Q1d, 4m) |
| p. 16–22 | Define a project; describe key project characteristics and stages (`IPA PIME`) | 2021 (Q5a, 6m), 2022 (Q1a, 4m), 2023 (Q5a, 5m) |
| p. 23–27 | Define a project proposal and its main objective; describe the four categories of project proposals (`Internal, External, Solicited, Unsolicited`) | 2021 (Q3a, 8m), 2022 (Q2b, 5m), 2023 (Q1b, 5m), 2024 (Q1c, 5m) |
#### SA Lecture 2: Professional & Business Meetings
- **File:** [SA/Lec 2 GEEM 445 Meeting.pdf](SA/Lec%202%20GEEM%20445%20Meeting.pdf) (26 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Definition of a meeting, why meetings are necessary in project/business (`CCASSM`), importance of face-to-face meetings, decision points & reasons for attending a meeting, planning considerations & 11 planning tasks, meeting room arrangements (`Theater, U-Shaped, Circle`), and the 3 main steps to conduct a meeting (`Notice, Agenda, Minutes` with formats and parts).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 4–5, 7–10 | Define a professional/business meeting; explain why meetings are necessary in a project/business (`CCASSM`) and list the planning considerations and tasks to perform while planning a meeting | 2021 (Q2b, 8m), 2023 (Q2b, 8m), 2024 (Q2a, 10m), 2025 (Q2a, 10m) |
| p. 6, 11–13 | Explain the three types of meeting room arrangements (`Theater, U-Shaped, Circle`) for professional meetings and describe the benefits of face-to-face meetings in a project/business | 2023 (Q3c, 6m), 2025 (Q2a, 10m) |
| p. 14–24 | Describe in brief the main steps of conducting a professional/business meeting (`Notice for a Meeting, Preparation of Agenda, Record Minutes of Meeting`) | 2023 (Q2b, 8m) |
#### SA Lecture 3: Professional & Business Communication, Seven Cs & Barriers
- **File:** [SA/Lec 3 GEEM 445, Professional Comm.pdf](SA/Lec%203%20GEEM%20445,%20Professional%20%20Comm.pdf) (25 pages) & [SA/Notebook.pdf](SA/Notebook.pdf) (p. 6–8, 14–16)
- **Key Topics:** Definition and importance of professional/business communication, 3 broad categories (`Internal Operational, External Operational, Personal`) and their methods/tools, Public Relations (PR), Seven Cs of effective communication (`Completeness, Conciseness, Clarity, Correctness, Consideration, Courtesy, Concreteness`), communication barriers, factors affecting communication, human factors/behaviors (`TOT LEP APC`), semantic barriers (`Notebook.pdf` p. 8), ethical aspects of communication (`FIHQCD`), and 9 strategies to overcome communication barriers.
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 3–9 | Define professional/business communication with examples; write down its importance and describe the three broad categories (`Internal Operational, External Operational, Personal`) | 2023 (Q1a, 5m; Q2b, 8m), 2024 (Q1b, 4m), 2025 (Q1d, 4m) |
| p. 7–8 | What is external operational communication in a professional environment, and how can a professional improve Public Relations (PR) through external communication? | 2022 (Q3d, 5m) |
| p. 13, 18–19; [Notebook](SA/Notebook.pdf) p. 8 | Describe the different semantic barriers of professional communication and explain why they are called semantic barriers | 2022 (Q2d, 5m) |
| p. 18–20 | Define the barriers to professional/business communication; describe the factors affecting communication and the human factors/behaviors (`TOT LEP APC`) leading to barriers | 2021 (Q3b, 8m), 2022 (Q1d, 4m), 2023 (Q4a, 8m), 2024 (Q3a, 10m), 2025 (Q3a, 10m) |
| p. 21 | Explain the ethical aspects of professional/business communication (`Fairness, Integrity, Honesty, Quality, Compassion, Dignity`) | 2022 (Q4b, 5m), 2024 (Q3a, 10m) |
| p. 22–24 | Enumerate the 9 strategies/steps a professional should follow to overcome/remove barriers to professional communication | 2022 (Q4d, 5m), 2025 (Q3a, 10m) |
#### SA Lecture 4: Project Proposals
- **File:** [SA/Lec 4 GEEM 445 Project Proposal.pdf](SA/Lec%204%20GEEM%20445%20Project%20Proposal.pdf) (30 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Definition of a project proposal, Project Contract vs. Project Proposal, key elements (`Background, Objectives, Project Scope`), 6 reasons why a project proposal is important, 6 types of project proposals (`Formally Solicited, Informally Solicited, Unsolicited, Continuation, Renewal, Supplemental`), pre-writing considerations (`Audience, Data & Research`), 4 basic reasons why project proposals get rejected (PMI / McNamara), and 7 steps to write a project proposal.
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 4–9 | Define a project proposal and differentiate it from a project contract; explain the purposes/importance and key elements of an engineering project proposal | 2021 (Q2c, 4m; Q3a, 8m), 2022 (Q2b, 5m), 2023 (Q1b, 5m), 2024 (Q1c, 5m) |
| p. 10–16 | Describe the different types/categories of project proposals (`Formally Solicited, Informally Solicited, Unsolicited, Continuation, Renewal, Supplemental`) | 2021 (Q3a, 8m), 2023 (Q1b, 5m) |
| p. 19 | Write down the four basic reasons why project proposals get rejected | 2024 (Q1c, 5m) |
| p. 20–27 | Describe the different sections / 7 steps of writing an engineering project proposal (`Define problem, Present solution, Define deliverables/SMART criteria, State plan/approach, Schedule & budget, Conclusion, Edit/proofread`) | 2021 (Q2c, 4m), 2022 (Q2b, 5m) |
#### SA Lecture 5: Research Proposals & Technical Proposals
- **File:** [SA/Lec 5 GEEM 445 Research Proposal & Tech Proposal.pdf](SA/Lec%205%20GEEM%20445%20Research%20Proposal%20&%20Tech%20Proposal.pdf) (25 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Dissertation/thesis research proposal definition, purpose (`suitability & manageability`), the "What" (topic), "Why" (justification), and "How" (methodology), length & 5 essential ingredients of a research proposal; Technical proposal definition, sections, 4 types (`Business/Sales, Research, Design, Implementation`), ideal length (`10–20 pages`), essential elements, and 5 steps to write a technical proposal (`Define, Benefits, Process, Vision, Participation`).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 2–12 | Structure and components of a thesis/research proposal (`Title, Objectives/Justification, Methodology, Outcomes`) | 2019 (Q4, 20m; Q8, 20m) |
| p. 13–17 | Define the technical proposal of a product/work and describe the four different types of technical proposals (`Technical Business/Sales, Technical Research, Technical Design, Technical Implementation`) | 2023 (Q2a, 8m), 2024 (Q4a, 10m), 2025 (Q4a, 10m) |
| p. 18 | How long should a technical proposal be (`typically 10–20 pages`) and why? | 2024 (Q4a, 10m) |
| p. 14–15, 19–25 | Explain the essential elements and the 5 steps to be followed in writing the technical proposal of a product/work (`Step 1: Define, Step 2: Benefits, Step 3: Process, Step 4: Vision, Step 5: Highlight Own Participation`) | 2023 (Q2a, 8m), 2025 (Q4a, 10m) |
#### SA Lecture 6: Financial Proposals & Civil/Environmental/Water Resources Engineering as a Profession
- **File:** [SA/Lec 6 GEEM 445 Financial Proposal & CEE, CWRE.pdf](SA/Lec%206%20GEEM%20445%20Financial%20Proposal%20&%20CEE,%20CWRE.pdf) (29 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Financial proposal definition, importance (for existing business, new business, and project management), 7 key points/elements to write a successful financial proposal (`Overview, Key Players, Aim to Succeed, Timeframe, Tidying Up, Create Budget, Creating a Summary`), why creating a 1-page summary at the front is required; Who Civil & Environmental/Water Resources Engineers are, key issues faced in the present world, 3 characteristics of engineering as a profession, 5 attributes of the profession (`Systematic Body of Theory, Authority, Community Sanction, Ethical Codes, Culture`), historical inheritance (John Smeaton, Industrial Revolutions), and 10 areas of Civil Engineering concentration.
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 2–9 | Define the financial proposal for a project; describe its importance and the 7 essential elements/key points of a financial proposal | 2023 (Q4c, 4m), 2024 (Q4b, 5.5m), 2025 (Q1e, 4m) |
| p. 10 | Explain why one of the key points of a successful financial proposal is "creating a summary" (summarizing everything on a single page at the end of writing to place at the front of the report) | 2024 (Q4b, 5.5m), 2025 (Q1e, 4m) |
| p. 11–12 | Explain who Civil and Environmental/Water Resources Engineers are and write down the 5 key issues facing them in the present world (`Safety/health/welfare risks, Human-made hazards, Globalization, Sustainability, Emerging technology`) | 2021 (Q1b, 6m), 2023 (Q1c, 5m), 2024 (Q1d, 4m) |
| p. 13–15 | Describe the basic characteristics of Civil & Environmental/Water Resources Engineers (`Challenges, Education, Practices`) and explain the 5 attributes of the profession (`Systematic body of theory, Authority, Community Sanction, Ethical Codes, A Culture`) | 2021 (Q1d, 4m), 2022 (Q3c, 5m), 2023 (Q1c, 5m), 2025 (Q1b, 4m) |
#### SA Lectures 7 & 8: Ethics, Engineering Ethics, Ethical Theories & Moral Spectrum
- **File:** [SA/Lec 7, 8 GEEM 445-Engg Ethics.pdf](SA/Lec%207,%208%20GEEM%20445-Engg%20Ethics.pdf) (23 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Professional ethics definition, 3 divisions of contemporary ethical theories (`Metaethics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics`), why Normative Ethics relates to Professional Engineering, Engineering Ethics definition & objective, Morals vs. Ethics vs. Laws, 2×2 classification of actions (`Unethical but Legal` vs. `Ethical but Illegal`), how engineers view themselves vs. how the public views engineering, the Ethical Triangle (`Character-based / Virtue Ethics, Principle-based / Deontological Ethics, Consequence-based / Utilitarian Ethics` with examples), and the Moral Spectrum (`Absolutism, Relativism, Pluralism`).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 3–5 | Define engineering ethics and state its objective; describe the three divisions of contemporary ethical theories (`Metaethics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics`) with examples, and explain why Normative Ethics is related to professional engineering ethics | 2019 (Q5a, 10m), 2023 (Q3b, 8m), 2024 (Q2b, 10m), 2025 (Q2b, 10m) |
| p. 6–7 | Discuss ethics, laws, and morals with examples; differentiate between ethics and laws; explain with examples works that are `unethical but legal` (harassment) and `ethical but illegal` (whistleblowing) | 2021 (Q1c, 5m), 2023 (Q1a, 5m; Q4b, 8m), 2024 (Q1a, 4m), 2025 (Q1c, 4m) |
| p. 8 | Illustrate, as professional engineers, how you view yourselves and how the public views you | 2024 (Q2b, 10m) |
| p. 9–15 | Briefly describe the three different types of ethics mentioned in the Ethical Triangle (`Character-based / Virtue Ethics, Principle-based / Duty Ethics, Consequence-based / Greatest Happiness Ethics`) with examples | 2025 (Q2b, 10m) |
#### SA Lecture 9: Code of Ethics, ASCE Fundamental Principles, Canons & Guidelines to Practice
- **File:** [SA/Lec 9 GEEM 445-Code of Ethics.pdf](SA/Lec%209%20GEEM%20445-Code%20of%20Ethics.pdf) (26 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Definition of Code of Ethics, 4 reasons why professionals should support the Code of Ethics (`PAMO`), 6 functions of a Code of Ethics (`SCS PSI`), terms of Code of Ethics (`Principles, Canons, Standards, Rules of Conduct`), 4 Fundamental Principles of the ASCE Code of Ethics (`KHSS`), 7 Fundamental Canons of the ASCE Code of Ethics (with Brian Marshall tank-beam case study), and Guidelines to Practice under Canons 1–7.
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 3–4 | Define the Code of Ethics for professionals; explain why professionals should support/follow the code of ethics (`PAMO`) and describe the 6 functions of a code of ethics (`SCS PSI`) | 2021 (Q2a, 8m), 2022 (Q1e, 4m), 2023 (Q4b, 8m), 2024 (Q3b, 5.5m), 2025 (Q3b, 10m) |
| p. 5 | Write down the differences between the `principles` and the `canons` (plus `standards` and `rules of conduct`) of a code of conduct/ethics | 2023 (Q4b, 8m), 2024 (Q3c, 4.5m) |
| p. 7 | Write down the four Fundamental Principles of the ASCE Code of Ethics (`KHSS`) | 2025 (Q3b, 10m) |
| p. 12–24 | Define the canons of the code of conduct and write down the Guidelines to Practice for specific canons (specifically `Canon 2: competence` and `Canon 3: objective and thoughtful public statements`) | 2024 (Q3c, 4.5m) |
#### SA Lecture 10: Consulting Engineers, IFCE/FIDIC, BACE & IEB Code of Ethics
- **File:** [SA/Lec 10 GEEM 445 IFCE Ethics.pdf](SA/Lec%2010%20GEEM%20445%20IFCE%20Ethics.pdf) (20 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Full forms and meanings of IFCE/FIDIC, ASPAC, TCDPAP, and FBCCI; definition of a consulting engineer and a consulting firm; 3 responsibilities of consulting engineers (`ASU`); Bangladesh Association of Consulting Engineers (BACE); 5 characteristics of consulting engineers (`Competence, Integrity, Impartiality, Fairness to Others, Zero Corruption`); and the 13 clauses of the Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh (IEB) Code of Ethics (and Ethical Review Board [ERB]).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 4–5 | Define consulting engineers and consulting firms; describe the responsibilities of a consulting engineer (`Accept responsibility to society, Seek sustainable solutions, Uphold dignity & reputation`) | 2022 (Q4c, 5m), 2023 (Q2c, 4m) |
| p. 4, 6–8 | Write short notes on BACE (Bangladesh Association of Consulting Engineers) and give the full forms/meanings of `FIDIC/IFCE`, `ASPAC`, and `TCDPAP` | 2023 (Q2c, 4m), 2024 (Q1e, 3m), 2025 (Q4b, 10m) |
| p. 8–12 | Briefly describe the five characteristics of consulting engineers (`Competence, Integrity, Impartiality, Fairness to Others, Corruption-free`) | 2023 (Q2c, 4m), 2025 (Q4b, 10m) |
| p. 13–18 | What do you mean by the IEB Code of Ethics? Write down and explain the five (or two) important codes of ethics of the Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh (IEB) | 2021 (Q2a, 8m), 2022 (Q2c, 5m), 2023 (Q1d, 5m), 2024 (Q4c, 4.5m), 2025 (Q4b, 10m) |
---
### Section B: Public Procurement (PPR-2008), Contracts, Tendering, Project Management & Job Applications (`Lec 11` – `Lec 24`)
#### SA Lecture 11: Professional Engagement, SOW vs. Scope of Work & QBS/FBS
- **File:** [SA/Lec 11 GEEM 445 Prof Engagement.pdf](SA/Lec%2011%20GEEM%20445%20Prof%20Engagement.pdf) (30 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Definition and requirements of professional engagement, RFP, Bid, Bid Solicitation (`IFB, IFT, RFP, RFQ, EOI`), Tender & Tenderer, Tender for Procurement Process workflow (`Procurement Team → PE → TOC → TEC → HOPE → PE`), Statement of Work (SOW) vs. Scope of Work, Process of Professional Engagement (7 phases), Qualifications-Based Selection (QBS: 5 steps, benefits, limitations) vs. Fee-Based Selection (FBS), 10 key components of writing an engineering proposal, Contract as legal glue, and Budgeting.
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 3, 16 | Define professional engagement as an engineer and explain the needs/requirements and phases of professional engagement in engineering professions | 2023 (Q5b, 5m), 2024 (Q5a, 4m), 2025 (Q5a, 5m) |
| p. 11–12 | Roles of Procurement Team, PE, TOC, TEC, and HOPE in the tendering process | 2025 (Q5c, 5m) |
| p. 14–15 | Differentiate between the `Statement of the Work (SOW)` and the `Scope of the Work` in project management and professional services | 2021 (Q3c, 4m), 2023 (Q5b, 5m), 2025 (Q5a, 5m) |
| p. 17–25 | Consultant selection methods: QBS (5 basic steps) and FBS | 2022 (Q6c, 5m), 2024 (Q8b, 10m), 2025 (Q8a, 10m) |
| p. 26–27 | Write down the 10 key components/features of writing engineering proposals for a project | 2021 (Q2c, 4m), 2022 (Q2b, 5m) |
#### SA Lecture 13: Project Characteristics, Fundamental Criteria, Life Cycle & Cost/Time Estimation
- **File:** [SA/Lec 13 GEEM 445 PPR Proj Charac.pdf](SA/Lec%2013%20GEEM%20445%20%20PPR%20Proj%20Charac.pdf) (25 pages)
- **Key Topics:** PMI definition of a project, 10 characteristic features of a project (`OL-ST LUC-MUR`), fundamental criteria a project must meet (`Project Triangle: Time, Cost, Quality` & `Project Diamond: + Safety`), 4 types of projects based on fundamental criteria (`Time-Bound, Cost-Bound, Performance-Bound, Safety-Bound`), 5 common Project Life Cycle phases (`Conception, Definition, Planning & Organizing, Implementation, Clean-Up`) and the Project Life Cycle Curve (`4%, 8%, 85%, 3% effort`), why project cost estimation is required, 5 types of repeated cost estimates (`Order of Magnitude ±60%, Study ±30%, Preliminary ±20%, Definitive ±10%, Detailed ±5%`), why 100% accuracy is only possible after construction, and project time estimation (`Time Study, Guesstimating PERT formula, Parkinson's Law`).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 3–9 | Define a project; describe the fundamental criteria that a project must meet (`Time, Cost, Quality, Safety`) and the 4 types of projects based on fundamental criteria with examples | 2021 (Q5a, 6m), 2022 (Q1a, 4m), 2023 (Q5a, 5m), 2024 (Q6a, 10m), 2025 (Q6a, 10m) |
| p. 10–13 | What is a Project Life Cycle? Describe the 5 broad phases of a project life cycle with the 'project life cycle curve' (`% of effort`) | 2021 (Q6c, 5m), 2022 (Q1a, 4m) |
| p. 11, 17 | Zero-date of a project (`date of project commencement`) and pre-zero-date site/definition considerations | 2022 (Q3a, 5m) |
| p. 14–19 | Why is project cost estimation required (especially in time-bound projects)? Describe the 5 types/methods of repeated cost estimates during a project life cycle, and explain whether 100% cost estimation is possible before full-scale operations | 2021 (Q7c, 8m), 2022 (Q3b, 5m), 2024 (Q6a, 10m), 2025 (Q6a, 10m) |
#### SA Lecture 14: Contracts in Procurement & Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
- **File:** [SA/Lec 14 GEEM 445 Contract.pdf](SA/Lec%2014%20GEEM%20445%20Contract.pdf) (30 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Definition of a contract, Main Contract vs. Subcontract, 6 classifications of contracts (`Admeasurement, Cost-Reimbursable, Fixed Price / Lump-Sum, Turnkey & Partial Turnkey, Design-Build, Design-Build-Operate / PPP`), Admeasurement contract & its 2 forms (`Bill of Quantities [BOQ]` and `Schedule of Rates [SOR]`) and advantages, Cost-Reimbursable contract & its 3 types (`CPFF, CPPF, Cost Plus Fluctuating Fee`), and Public-Private Partnership (`PPP` / `PFI`) features, 3 types (`Free-Standing, Levies on Public Sector, Joint Ventures`) with examples (toll bridge, prison, non-toll road), cost-plus-profit recovery, advantages, and disadvantages.
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 3–5 | Define a contract in procurement, differentiate between a tender and a contract, and write down the different classifications/types of contracts in public procurement | 2022 (Q5a, 4m), 2023 (Q5c, 5m), 2024 (Q7c, 7m), 2025 (Q5b, 5m) |
| p. 6–14 | What is an admeasurement contract? Briefly describe the two forms of admeasurement contracts (`Bill of Quantities` and `Schedule of Rates`) and their advantages | 2025 (Q5b, 5m) |
| p. 15–17 | Define cost-reimbursable contract in procurement and briefly describe the three types of cost-reimbursable contracts (`CPFF, CPPF, Cost Plus Fluctuating Fee`) | 2025 (Q6b, 10m) |
| p. 21–28 | What is a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) contract and why is it used? Describe the three types of PPP projects (`Free-Standing, Levies on Public Sector, Joint Ventures`) with examples and explain how cost plus profit is recovered after completion | 2022 (Q5a, 4m), 2023 (Q5c, 5m), 2024 (Q7c, 7m), 2025 (Q6b, 10m) |
#### SA Lecture 15: Public Procurement Act (PPA 2006) & Public Procurement Rules (PPR 2008)
- **File:** [SA/Lec 15 GEEM 445 PPA-PPR.pdf](SA/Lec%2015%20GEEM%20445%20PPA-PPR.pdf) (31 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Institutional hierarchy (`Ministry of Planning → IMED → CPTU`), definitions of Procurement and Public Procurement, PPA 2006 (primary legislation) vs. PPR 2008 (secondary legislation, 9 chapters, 13 schedules), 4 circumstances/entities where PPR 2008 applies, important statutory definitions (`HOPE, PM, Contractor, Subcontractor, Tender/Proposal, Tenderer, Public Fund, Quotation, Tender Document, Force Majeure, Conflict of Interest, Responsive, Approving Authority [AA], Delegation of Financial Powers`), and Public Procurement Committees (`TOC/POC` under Rule 7, `TEC/PEC` under Rules 8–10, `Enlistment Committee` under Rule 52, `Technical Sub-Committee [TSC]`).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 4, 6–8, 11 | Define Procurement and Public Procurement; explain PPA 2006 and PPR 2008 in brief; describe the 4 circumstances/entities to which PPR-2008 shall be applied | 2021 (Q5b, 8m), 2022 (Q6a, 5m), 2023 (Q6a, 8m), 2024 (Q5b, 4.5m), 2025 (Q5c, 5m) |
| p. 9, 13–15 | Write short notes on: (i) `HOPE` (Head of Procuring Entity), (ii) `PM` (Project Manager), (iii) `Force Majeure`, (iv) `AA` (Approving Authority), and (v) `Responsive Tenderer` | 2021 (Q5b, 8m), 2022 (Q8a, 5m), 2023 (Q6a, 8m) |
| p. 16–17 | Write down the formation and functions of the Tender Opening Committee (`TOC`) in the tendering process (Rule 7) | 2025 (Q5c, 5m) |
| p. 18–27 | Constitution, membership, chairperson, and removal rules of the Tender Evaluation Committee (`TEC / PEC`) | 2022 (Q7a, 5m), 2023 (Q7a, 8m), 2024 (Q6b, 10m) |
| p. 25 | Enlistment Committee formation (3 members) and annual updating under Rule 52 for LTM | 2022 (Q5b, 4m), 2024 (Q8a, 6m) |
#### SA Lecture 16: Procurement Methods for Goods & Works (OTM, LTM, Two-Stage, One-Stage Two-Envelope)
- **File:** [SA/Lec 16 GEEM 445 PPR Pro Method.pdf](SA/Lec%2016%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Pro%20Method.pdf) (23 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Open Tendering Method (`OTM`, Rule 61: aspects & submission timelines), other tendering methods (Rule 62: `LTM, Two-Stage, One-Stage Two-Envelope, RFQ, DPM`), Limited Tendering Method (`LTM`, Rules 63–64: 3 no-threshold criteria + 1 with-threshold criterion [Tk 25 lac Goods / Tk 2 Cr Works], submission timelines), Enlistment procedure (Rule 52), Two-Stage Tendering Method (Rules 65–68: reasons/criteria, 1st stage unpriced technical proposal + confidential discussion + Minutes of Adjustment, 2nd stage priced "best & final" tender), and One-Stage Two-Envelope Tendering Method (Rule 68A–D: reasons/criteria & procedure).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 2–4 | Define tendering and the Open Tendering Method (`OTM`); list the different methods of tendering in Bangladesh as per PPR-2008 | 2021 (Q6b, 6m), 2023 (Q6b, 7m), 2024 (Q7a, 7m), 2025 (Q7a, 10m) |
| p. 5–10 | Define Limited Tendering Method (`LTM / LIM`); write down the criteria when LTM is applicable (with and without threshold) and describe the procedures for enlistment of tenderers/suppliers (Rule 52) | 2022 (Q5b, 4m), 2024 (Q8a, 6m) |
| p. 11–18 | Under what criteria/circumstances does a PE undertake the `Two-Stage Tendering Method`? Describe in brief the 1st-stage and 2nd-stage procedures for Two-Stage Tendering | 2022 (Q8d, 5m), 2023 (Q6b, 7m), 2024 (Q7a, 7m), 2025 (Q7a, 10m) |
| p. 18–21 | Describe the `One-Stage Two-Envelope Tendering Method` and differentiate between the Two-Stage Tendering Method and the One-Stage Two-Envelope Tendering Method | 2023 (Q6b, 7m), 2024 (Q7a, 7m) |
#### SA Lecture 17: Request for Quotation (RFQ) & Direct Procurement Method (DPM)
- **File:** [SA/Lec 17 GEEM 445 RFQ, DP.pdf](SA/Lec%2017%20GEEM%20445%20RFQ,%20DP.pdf) (28 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Request for Quotation (`RFQ`, Rules 69–73: definition, criteria, documents needed, invitation/submission/evaluation procedures, 10-day submission time), Direct Procurement Method (`DPM`, Rules 74–82: 5 types — `1. Direct Contracting [Rule 76], 2. Additional Deliveries / Repeat Order [Rule 77, ≤15%], 3. Variation Order / Extra Work Order [Rule 78, ≤15%], 4. Direct Cash Purchase [DCP, Tk 25k / 5 lac], 5. Force Account [Rule 82, Tk 2 lac]`), and International Procurement (Rule 83, ≥42 CD).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 3–16 | Define the Request for Quotation (`RFQ`) method in procurement; list the documents needed for RFQ procurement of goods and describe the procedures for using the RFQ method | 2022 (Q6b, 5m), 2023 (Q6c, 5m) |
| p. 17–25 | What is Direct Procurement Method (`DPM`)? Describe the five different types of DPM in public procurement | 2022 (Q7d, 5m) |
#### SA Lecture 18 (Class Notebook): Tender Security, Performance Security & Retention Money
- **File:** [SA/Notebook.pdf](SA/Notebook.pdf) (p. 63–65) & [SA/Lec 20 GEEM 445 Tend Docus.pdf](SA/Lec%2020%20GEEM%20445%20Tend%20Docus.pdf) (p. 20, 24–25, 30)
- **Key Topics:** Guarantees from contractor to PE: (1) `Tender Security` (purpose, forms, fixed amount `1%–3%` calculation with rounding example, lot-by-lot rule, exemptions in RFQ/DPM/Two-Stage 1st stage, forfeiture grounds), (2) `Performance Security` (purpose, `5%–10%` rates by category, 14-day submission, validity up to 28 days past completion, front-loading increase), and (3) `Retention Money` (purpose, progressive deduction, 50% release at completion + 50% after Defects Liability Certificate, `Retention + Performance Security ≤ 10%`).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| [Notebook](SA/Notebook.pdf) p. 63–65; [Lec 20](SA/Lec%2020%20GEEM%20445%20Tend%20Docus.pdf) p. 20, 24–25 | Define `tender security`, `performance security`, and `retention money` in the tendering process; describe their requirements, how the amount of tender security is determined with an example (`1%–3%`), and under what circumstances tender security is forfeited | 2021 (Q7a, 6m), 2022 (Q5c, 4m), 2023 (Q8b, 7m), 2024 (Q5c, 5m) |
#### SA Lecture 19: Procurement of Intellectual and Professional Services (PPR Rules 103–112)
- **File:** [SA/Lec 19 GEEM 445 PPR Intellec Svc.pdf](SA/Lec%2019%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Intellec%20Svc.pdf) (26 pages)
- **Key Topics:** 8 differences between `Goods/Works` and `Services` in public procurement, uses of consultants, 2 Preferred Selection Methods (`1. Quality and Cost Based Selection [QCBS]`, `2. Fixed Budget Selection [FBS]`), 6 Other Selection Methods (`1. Least Cost Selection [LCS, ≤50 lac]`, `2. Single Source Selection [SSS, ≤10 lac firm / ≤5 lac individual]`, `3. Community Service Organization Selection [CSOS]`, `4. Individual Consultant Selection [ICS]`, `5. Selection Based on Consultant Qualifications [SBCQ]`, `6. Design Contest Selection [DCS]`), and step-by-step procedures for QCBS (Rule 105), FBS (Rule 106), SBCQ (Rule 108), CSOS (Rule 109), DCS (Rule 111), and ICS (Rule 112).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 3–4 | Write down the meanings of goods, works, and services and differentiate between `goods/works` and `services` in public procurement as per PPR-2008 | 2022 (Q6c, 5m), 2023 (Q7c, 5m), 2024 (Q8b, 10m), 2025 (Q8a, 10m) |
| p. 5–9, 12–25 | List the preferred (`QCBS, FBS`) and other (`LCS, SSS, CSOS, ICS, SBCQ, DCS`) methods of procurement of intellectual/professional services under PPR, and describe in brief the `Quality and Cost Based Selection (QCBS)` method | 2022 (Q8b, 5m), 2023 (Q8b, 7m), 2024 (Q8b, 10m), 2025 (Q8a, 10m) |
#### SA Lecture 20: Tender Documents & Standard Tender Documents (STDs)
- **File:** [SA/Lec 20 GEEM 445 Tend Docus.pdf](SA/Lec%2020%20GEEM%20445%20Tend%20Docus.pdf) (32 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Preparation and contents of procurement-related documents (Rule 4(1)–(2): items `a` to `o`), 12 items of information and conditions PE must set out clearly in the Tender/Proposal Documents (Rule 4(3)), 10 documents forming the Contract in order of precedence (Rule 4(7)), Schedule-I STD codes (`PG1, PG2, PG3, PG4, PW1, PW2B, PW3, PS1`), 9-section structure of Tender Documents (`ITT, TDS, GCC, PCC, Forms, BOQ, General Specs, Particular Specs, Drawings`), STD `PW3` overview, 4 stages of Tender Evaluation (`ITT 49–59`), Performance Security (`ITT 65–68`), Contract Signing within 28 days of NOA (`ITT 69`), and `PW3` forms (`PW3-1` to `PW3-12`).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 4–9, 11–15 | Define `Tender Document (TD)` / `Standard Tender Documents (STDs)` and `Procuring Entity (PE)`; describe the 12 items of information and conditions to be set out clearly by the PE in the Tender Documents (Rule 4(3)) | 2021 (Q7b, 6m), 2023 (Q7b, 7m), 2024 (Q5d, 3.5m) |
| p. 10, 24–25, 30 | Define `Notification of Award (NOA)` and list in order of precedence the 10 documents that form the contract for project implementation in public procurement (Rule 4(7)) | 2022 (Q7c, 5m), 2023 (Q7b, 7m), 2025 (Q8b, 10m) |
#### SA Lecture 21: Technical Specifications in Tendering (PPR Rule 29)
- **File:** [SA/Lec 21 GEEM 445 PPR Spec.pdf](SA/Lec%2021%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Spec.pdf) (23 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Definition of Specification in tender/contract documents (`Scope of Works, Detailed Description of Materials, Workmanship`), 7 points PE must clearly describe when preparing technical specifications of an object (Rule 29(1): `Name/description, Quality, Performance standards & life span, Safety standards & limits, Packaging/marking/labelling symbols & terminology, Production processes & methods, Conformity test procedures`), general principles (`non-restrictive, fair competition, consistent with drawings, performance/output-based, ISO/IEC/BSTI standards`), and rule when PE lacks adequate technical expertise (`no brand/trademark allowed, except when lacking expertise where "or similar or equivalent" must be added`).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 3–15 | Define `specification` in tender/contract documents; list the 7 points PE must describe clearly and explain what a PE considers and how it prepares technical specifications of goods/works (including when PE lacks adequate technical expertise) | 2022 (Q5d, 4m; Q6d, 5m), 2023 (Q8c, 5m), 2024 (Q7b, 6m), 2025 (Q7b, 10m) |
#### SA Lecture 22: Tender Evaluation (TEC Procedures & Special Cases)
- **File:** [SA/Lec 22 GEEM 445 PPR Tender Eval.pdf](SA/Lec%2022%20GEEM%20445%20PPR%20Tender%20Eval.pdf) (17 pages)
- **Key Topics:** General evaluation procedures followed by TEC (ascending evaluated cost order, note of dissent, AA expert opinion, 4 evaluation stages), when TEC considers a tender responsive (compliance without material deviation, unpriced BOQ items covered, front-loading unit rate analysis & increased performance security), definition of Material Deviation/Reservation, 3 circumstances when TEC shall NOT continue to evaluate a tender, and TEC functions in 3 special price cases: (i) offered price significantly below official estimate, (ii) lowest evaluated price significantly higher than official estimate/budget, and (iii) tie for lowest evaluated price (no lottery except LTM ≤ Tk 2 Cr).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 5–11 | Define Tender Evaluation and `TEC`; describe the procedures followed by TEC during examination and evaluation of tenders and the 3 circumstances under which TEC shall NOT continue to evaluate a tender | 2021 (Q5c, 6m), 2022 (Q7a, 5m), 2023 (Q7a, 8m), 2024 (Q6b, 10m), 2025 (Q8b, 10m) |
| p. 12–15 | Describe the functions/actions of TEC when: (i) a tenderer offers a price significantly below the official estimate, (ii) the lowest evaluated tender is significantly higher than the official estimate, and (iii) there is a tie for the lowest evaluated price | 2023 (Q7a, 8m), 2025 (Q8b, 10m) |
#### SA Lecture 23: Job Application, Employer Expectations & Curriculum Vitae (CV)
- **File:** [SA/Lec 23 GEEM 445 Job Aplication.pdf](SA/Lec%2023%20GEEM%20445%20%20Job%20Aplication.pdf) (24 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Pre-application steps before responding to a job advertisement (`Identify employer's needs, Match yourself to needs; Research the company, Research yourself, Research careers`), Employer's perspective/needs from a job seeker, 3 most important factors in recruitment (`Enthusiasm for position, Personality, Transferable skills`), 6 things employers look for from applicants (`Potential for advancement, Good academic record, Relevant work experience, Specialist subject knowledge, Personal interests, Other work experience`), CV definition & preparation tips, 12 reasons for rejection of a CV, 7 main parts of a standard CV (`Personal Details, Education, Work Experience, Competencies, Skills Profile, Interests, Referees`), Covering Letter structure, and filling up application forms.
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 4–10 | What is a Job Application? As a job seeker, what should you do before responding to a job advertisement, and what are the most important recruitment factors / employer perspective points from an applicant? | 2021 (Q6a, 9m), 2022 (Q5e, 4m), 2023 (Q8a, 8m), 2024 (Q5e, 3m), 2025 (Q5d, 5m) |
| p. 11–20 | What is a CV? Describe the 7 main parts/salient points of a standard CV and write down the 12 reasons why a CV submitted for a job advertisement is likely to be rejected | 2021 (Q6a, 9m), 2022 (Q7b, 5m; Q8c, 5m), 2023 (Q8a, 8m), 2025 (Q5d, 5m) |
#### SA Lecture 24: Development Project Proposal (DPP)
- **File:** [SA/Lec 24 GEEM 445 DPP.pdf](SA/Lec%2024%20GEEM%20445%20%20DPP.pdf) (19 pages)
- **Key Topics:** Definition of Development Project Proposal (`DPP`), DPP manual structure (`Part A: Project Summary`, `Part B: Project Details`, `Log-Frame`, `Effect/Impact & Compliances`, `Risk Analysis`), 2 types of development projects (`1. Investment Projects [formulated in DPP]` and `2. Technical Assistance [TA] Projects [formulated in TAPP]`), and the 6-step approval process of Investment Projects (DPPs) in Bangladesh (`Idea generation from Five-Year/Sectoral Plan → Formulation by Executing Agency → Scrutiny by Ministry → Appraisal by Planning Commission Sector/Division → Recommendation by PEC → Approval by Planning Minister [≤ Tk 50 Cr] or ECNEC [> Tk 50 Cr] → Inclusion in ADP`).
| Slide Pages | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| p. 3, 8–9 | Define Development Project Proposal (`DPP`); describe the different types of projects in DPP (`Investment vs. TA Projects`) and the approval process of DPP in Bangladesh | 2023 (Q5d, 5m), 2024 (Q8c, 4m) |
#### Unmapped Past Exam Questions (Not Found in `SA/` Lecture Slides)
| Source Exam | Question / Concept Tested | Appeared Exams (Question & Marks) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 2019 & 2022 | Sustainable engineering project principles (`2022 Q1c`) and trade-offs in keeping sustainable ecosystem services (`2019 Q1a`) | 2019 (Q1a, 10m), 2022 (Q1c, 4m) |
| 2022 | Project feasibility report and how a project manager assesses and plans for project fund requirements | 2022 (Q1b, 4m) |
| 2022 | Economic viability of a project and how to assess it by Return on Investment (`RoI`) with an example | 2022 (Q4a, 5m) |
| 2019 | How the triple constraints of project management (`time, cost, quality`) are linked with stakeholders | 2019 (Q1b, 10m) |
| 2019 | Bid evaluation selection criteria for *"Managing Flash Flood in the Sylhet Basin"* using 5 keywords (`Responding to need and demand, Impact and Scale, Gender and equity, Implementation, Engagement with policy makers`) | 2019 (Q2, 20m) |
| 2019 | Requirements to prepare a valid contract document (`Q3a`) and drafting a contract document for *"Feasibility study for the restoration of the Buriganga river"* with 5 keywords (`Express Terms, Implied Terms, Conditions, Warranties, Exclusion Terms`) (`Q3b`) | 2019 (Q3a, 5m; Q3b, 15m) |
| 2019 | Statement linking the construction of the Bangabandhu Bridge over the Jamuna and societal welfare | 2019 (Q5b, 10m) |
| 2019 | Vancouver Recommendations on research ethics commitments (`Q6a`) and requirements to be an author or co-author under the Vancouver rule (`Q6b`) | 2019 (Q6a, 10m; Q6b, 10m) |
| 2019 | Basic templates of a research/technical report (`Q7a`) and filling up a technical report template for *"Construction of the Padma Bridge"* (`Q7b`) | 2019 (Q7a, 5m; Q7b, 15m) |