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Created: 2024/05/24 02:28

Experiment No. 04

Experiment Name: Static Tension test of mild steel specimen

Objective

The objective of this experiment is to:

1. Understand the behavior of mild steel under tensile loading.
2. Identify critical points such as yield point, ultimate tensile strength, fracture point.

Significance

The static tension test is a fundamental mechanical test that provides critical insights into the material properties of mild steel. This knowledge is used in construction, manufacturing, and engineering applications for design and safety, material selection, and quality control.

Apparatus

1. Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
2. Slide calipers
3. Extensometer

Data sheet

Calculation & graph

Parameters

1. Proportional limit: $505.300\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}MPa$
2. Yield stress: $555.641\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}MPa$
3. Ultimate stress: $712.944\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}MPa$
4. Breaking stress: $354.467\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}MPa$

Modulus of Elasticity

Stress at point A, ${\sigma }_A=320.486\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}MPa$ Strain at point A, ${ϵ}_A=0.032$ Stress at point B, ${\sigma }_B=439.439\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}MPa$ Strain at point B ${ϵ}_B=0.039$

Therefore, modulus of elasticity,

$$E=\frac{Stress}{Strain}=\frac{{\sigma }_B-{\sigma }_A}{{ϵ}_B-{ϵ}_A}=17\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}GPa$$

Reduction in area

Diameter before loading, $d_0=19.77\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}mm$ Diameter after fracture, $d_1=15.26\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}mm$

Hence, Area before, $A_0=\pi (\frac{d_0}{2}{)}^2=307\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}m{m}^2$ Area after, $A_1=\pi (\frac{d_1}{2}{)}^2=183\text{[PARSE ERROR: Undefined("Command("space")")]}m{m}^2$

Therefore, percentage reduction in area,

$$\frac{A_0-A}{A_0}\times 100=40.39\mathrm{\%}$$

Figure 01

Result

The Modulus of Elasticity of the mild steel specimen was found to be 17 GPa with a reduction of area of 40.39%.

Discussions